Monday, October 3, 2022

When Writing Changes Your Perspective by Jenn McKinlay

Jenn McKinlay: As you probably know by now, because I’ve mentioned it a bajillion times, my next women’s fiction romcom SUMMER READING (June 2023) features a neurodivergent (dyslexic) heroine. This was quite an undertaking because getting it right matters and dyslexia is a tricky bugger manifesting differently in everyone who has it. Suffice to say, I did my homework and I learned a lot along the way. My biggest takeaway was a statistic that stopped me in my tracks – one in ten people have dyslexia. Huh. A little more research and I learned that there are dyslexic friendly fonts. Double huh. 

Naturally, when I turned in my manuscript, I made my pitch to have the book published in a dyslexic friendly font. I used all the buzzwords in my argument, you know, accessibility, inclusion, representation, etc. I waited and then I received my publisher’s response. Not only were they on board, the book designers WERE EXCITED to rise up and meet the challenge. Not gonna lie, it felt like a win. I mean, writing a novel about a dyslexic and not printing it in a dyslexic friendly font would have made me look like an a-hole. Seriously. 


You can see from the image below how the bottom of the letters are thicker, this is one of the ways to make the letters easier to interpret for dyslexic readers.



Here is a list of the most dyslexic friendly fonts: https://exceptionalindividuals.com/about-us/blog/our-top-10-dyslexia-friendly-fonts/


Of course, now I always notice when things aren’t printed in a dyslexic friendly font. It seems shocking to me, given the high number of people who struggle to decipher words. Now that I know this, I can never unknow it, which I think is terrific. 


Here's a short video from YouTube on what words look like to a dyslexic.






How about you, Reds? Have you learned something while writing a novel that changed your perspective?


HANK PHILLIPPI RYAN: Wait, I’ll offer my ignorance right up front. I had no idea about a dyslexic-friendly font. So I looked it right up, and now I am gasping. Jenn, you should explain it! But this is a life-changing post, thank you. And I am happy to join you in never unknowing it. 

And I do think I have learned things in novels that have changed my perspective. Once I typed that someone had gone off the reservation–and I sat there for a moment, the cursor blinking. Delete delete delete. It made me realized how blithely we type things without thinking about the origin or derivation. Or who we might hurt. I am much more careful now.  


JULIA SPENCER-FLEMING: I also went to look up dyslexic-friendly fonts, and I’m down with using sans serif type but I draw the line at Comic Sans. No civilized person should be subjected to that.


I should mention here my younger brother was diagnosed with dyslexia in kindergarten, one of the first generations being taught by teachers exposed to concepts of neuro-atypical learning. The benefit of a whole school career working with and on his dyslexia? A Bachelors and an MBA.


Hank makes an excellent point about being aware of how the language changes in ways that make it more inclusive and user-friendly. As for what I’ve learned writing, I think I did it backwards… after getting to know a lovely young trans girl, I included a transgender woman in my last novel. I like being able to introduce readers to people they might not have met before, if that makes sense.


JENN: LOL. Sorry, Julia, despite the universal loathing for it, Comic Sans is actually the third most dyslexic friendly font. That may explain why it remains popular -- not with graphic designers, however.


HALLIE EPHRON: Dyslexic-friendly font! Who knew!? Thank you, Jenn. And Kudos to your publisher. (So forget my old standby, Times New Roman.)

One thing I’ve become more aware of is text size, trying to err on the larger side. But Blogger can be ridiculously obstinate when I try to change or enlarge the font. Fortunately online readers can usually enlarge, if they know how.

I am struggling with the boundaries between being “inclusive” vs. “appropriating.” Anyone have any light to shed there? Maybe it’s all about doing your homework when you write about someone who isn’t you.


JENN: Such a good question, Hallie. I think it comes down to context. Is the representation of an ethnicity, disability, or lifestyle meaningful or mercenary? Is the content creator out to make a buck or are they trying to raise awareness or show appreciation? I'm sure there are better ways to determine where the line is, but that's my metric.


DEBORAH CROMBIE: Jenn, I was diagnosed as dyslexic when I was fourteen. 

The specialists who tested me said they didn't know how I'd learned to read. I still struggled, dropping out of high school at sixteen. I could not (and probably still can't!) take bubble-fill standardized tests. I did a couple of years of special ed training and was eventually able to not only get my GED but to graduate from a good college with honors, if a couple of years older than my classmates. It got easier, at least for me, as an adult. You learn coping strategies, and you also aren't constantly challenged to do things that are especially difficult for you (in my case, standardized tests and algebra!)


As to Hallie's question, I am wholly on the side of inclusive! I think it's terrific that Jenn's educated herself, and will educate her readers, about dyslexia.


LUCY BURDETTE: Count me in as one of the clueless. Debs, how in the world are you writing all these amazing novels with a learning disability? And also wondering, Julia, how did the dyslexia manifest itself in kindergarten?


JENN: Thank you so much for sharing that, Debs. I had no idea and now I am in awe of you. Of course, now I have to ask you to be a beta reader for Summer Reading :)


How about you, Readers? Has your perspective been changed by a story that you've read or written?


92 comments:

  1. The one-in-ten statistic really surprised me, Jenn . . . perhaps because in all the years I taught, I never had a dyslexic student. So now I’m wondering why Times New Roman seems to be the default typeface because it’s definitely not dyslexic-friendly. And now I’m always going to notice those fonts that aren’t dyslexic friendly.

    Kudos to you, Jenn, and to your publisher . . . I can’t wait to read “Summer Reading” . . . .

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    1. You may have had a number of undiagnosed dyslexic students. If a student is quick enough, the thought process is, "That CAN'T be what that says. Oh! It isn't!" You only get tripped up when reading aloud.

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    2. Ellen, Although not an academic “quick enough” thought process, a dyslexic childhood friend played competitive tennis without using a backhand but by switching the racquet from hand to hand. He was also a voracious and tenacious reader. Our childhood was early 1950s. Elisabeth

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    3. Amazing the way some people cope!

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    4. Elisabeth, I play tennis that way! :-)

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    5. The number really is staggering.

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  2. Thank you Jenn for bringing this font to our attention. My sister is dyslexic and I'll have to let her know about these fonts. Maybe she could default to them on her cell phone.

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    1. I hope it helps your sister, Dru. Technology has certainly made things better or at least tried to improve the standards.

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  3. That video was stunning. I had absolutely no idea of how text presents itself to the dyslexic reader. I guess I thought people got their letters reversed or something. Thank you for sharing it, and standing ovation to you winning that font!

    And Debs, wow. You are amazing. Tell us, do the bubbles float around on standardized tests, so you don't know which goes with which answer? What about voting these days??

    In terms of language, at a panel recently I was mentioning what I always say when asked about advice to starting-out writers. After, "Write the best book you can" I often say, "Find your tribe," meaning Sisters in Crime or other writers in whatever genre they write in. It flashed on me that I need to find a different word. Find your people, seek out others writing in your genre, whatever. But tribe isn't part of my culture, and I'm going to leave it for those who actually have tribes.

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    1. Edith, relax. The Israelites also had tribes and Jews still use the term. It is not derogatory and if the politically correct think it is, I say, "Too bad, this time."

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    2. I feel like it’s never wrong to consider your words :) I’ve done some recalibrating myself.

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    3. Edith, yes, the bubbles float. I could only do standardized tests with a ruler to help fix the line. Voting is not too bad as ballots are usually pretty short, but I have to double check my answers.

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  4. JENN: I am another commenter who had no idea about how different types of dyslexia affect the text the person is reading. And yay for dyslexic-friendly fonts!

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    1. Right? It feels so basic, like, actually the least we can do to be more inclusive.

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  5. Fascinating. They didn't have a name for dyslexia when I was growing up. Mine is weird-- I can't tell time on the left side of a clockface unless I add up the minutes, every time-- something like twenty to nine just won't register. And I can't read the bass notes on a musical score (they are inconsistently upside down). So of course, guess who played the cello all the way through junior high.

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    1. Ellen, that was probably a really good thing to do, to force your brain to make the connections. Possibly the secret to your life success!

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  6. I taught elementary special education. I recall a "how to teach reading" class where the instructor took a chair and turned it from one side to the other, held it upside down and then turned it to the other side. All this time she was asking, "What is this?" A chair. A chair. Still a chair. Yep, still a chair. "b, d, p, q"
    It changes when you turn it around. Elementary teaching reading (and math) to a dyslexia child.

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  7. Jenn, I love your books and can't wait for this one!

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  8. That video was amazing! I had a college friend who told us she had been diagnosed with dyslexia in elementary school and received help along the way. She is now a tenured history professor who has published several books. Take that, dyslexia!

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  9. I, too, had no idea and am glad to learn about this here. Your new book goes onto my must-read list, Jenn. As for learning something from reading: all the time, from good books -- if only a small shift in perspective nudged into consciousness by the characters developing and the plot unfolding on the page.

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  10. Well, I learn from this blog all the time, but today, WOW! Thanks Jenn.
    I watched the video and then found it difficult to read the blog comments. Letters were swimming all over the place. Had to walk away for a bit. I think my eyes are not as elastic as they used to be. But it gave me a real sense of the difficulty of being dyslexic.
    That is awesome that you got the dyslexic-friendly font. Shouldn't that be the standard now that we know what we know?

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  11. My brother was an undiagnosed dyslexic in the 1960s, and the nuns were actually cruel about it. He was held back in first grade, and again in second grade, because of his poor reading skills. Which then came to roost when he was an 18-year old high school sophomore. He told my mother he was dropping out of school and joining the Army, or he'd be pulled into hanging out with the "bad" kids (probably also undiagnosed with learning disabilities). He later got his GED while in the service, and found a good career for him with a surveying firm, but his life was always harder than everyone else's. I wish I'd known how to help him, including having fonts that would have made it easier to read, which he loved to do even though it was hard for him.

    I've learned SO many things by reading novels. Hard to choose just one!

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    1. Karen, I did okay in elementary school, but from middle school on I really struggled. Some of the teachers were pretty cruel, too. Very fortunately for me, my parents were always determined to find ways to help me.

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    2. Karen, this sounds like the treatment my brother received at about that time. He was a senior in high school when he read his first 'big' book--thanks to a teacher who didn't think he was stupid and taught a class on western novels. I agree--now we know--why not make these default fonts for published books?

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    3. Debs, my poor brother was a middle child, and during a long period of chaos in our family, so no one paid any attention (except probably to yell at him). I was only five years older, but I still feel as though I failed him.

      Yes, Flora! There's nothing magic about Times New Roman, et al. So why not?

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  12. Our daughter is dyslexic and she struggled in school before it was diagnosed. We had placed her in French immersion, I'm Canadian. We were called into class a few times by puzzled teachers who couldn't understand why such a bright little thing, who could speak and understand french, could not, or would not, read and write it. She had picked up a lot by simply listening to the lessons. We took her out and placed her in regular stream and still she struggled to read and write. It took a French tutor we hired for her to catch it and alert us. We had her evaluated and her education after that was directed at her dyslexia. That was over thirty years ago. She went on to graduate from the University of Toronto with Honours in Near Eastern Studies. Now she writes books on the brain for children. And she is severely dyslexic, like my father and my uncle were. Luckily I was spared. Still, it's a burden for many, although it does make you the person you are, my daughter thinks in different ways and that's what makes her and other dyslexics so wonderful and special. Terrific article, Jenn. Joyce W.

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    1. Yes! Dyslexic/Neurodivergent people are incredible with how they see the world.

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  13. All other discussion aside, thank you so much for the incredibly valuable list and lesson. Changing a font is such a simple step.

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  14. JENN: What a timely topic! I remember Princess Beatrice of York saying that she and her husband have dyslexia and she hoped their baby would have dyslexia. This reminded me of deaf people born into Deaf families saying that they hoped that their children would be born deaf.

    Dyslexia has not always been diagnosed. I remember the first time I heard ot it - I was still in high school and I saw an afterschool special with River Phoenix as a middle school student with Dyslexia.

    When I learned to read, my teacher at the Catholic school used the Sandpaper cut out of the letters and had my fingers trace the letters on the sandpaper cutouts. That was perfect for a Deaf child. I have no idea if anyone tried that approach with Dyslexic children. I know about the phonetic learning approach.

    No idea if I have dyslexia. However I was diagnosed as being mildly dyslexic in math just before starting University.

    Trying to think of what I have learned about something I did not know. There have been so many novels.

    Maisie Dobbs talks about shell shock, now known as Post Traumatic Stress Disorder. I remember the CURIOUS INCIDENT OF THE DOG IN THE NIGHTTIME because my voice teacher / speech therapist often works with Autistic children. I learned that there are different types of Autism. In this novel. the main character had Asperger's syndrome.

    THE SIGN FOR HOME by Blair Fell is wonderful because it gave me some insight into what it is like for a Deaf Blind person. Many Deaf people do not know what it is like to be Blind.

    As a reader, I can tell that the author did her homework.

    Thank you for alerting us to the dyslexic friendly fonts. I was reminded that as a child, I often wrote in bigger letters when conversing with older members of my family. As a young child, most of my relatives were elderly (they were born when Queen Victoria was alive). They could read bigger letter print so I wrote in bigger letter print.

    Thinking about Karen in Ohio and Joyce above. I am so sorry about Karen's brother. I wonder if my father had dyslexia because his eyeglasses had wavy lenses. I wonder if there are special eyeglasses for people with dyslexia? My father did not learn how to read until he was 14 and he loves science fiction.

    And I am grateful that Joyce's daughter had a brilliant French tutor who caught the dyslexia and alerted the family. All it takes is one person to make a difference, My hearing loss was not diagnosed until an elderly relative alerted my parents that I may have a hearing loss (three months after I came home from the hospital). I had my hearing tests and they discovered profound hearing loss!

    Jenn, I look forward to reading your new novel with the dyslexic character! So excited! It is set on Martha's Vineyard, right?

    Diana

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  15. And please please please please watch Extraordinary Attorney Woo. It is all this, and more, and fabulous and touching and instructive in every way. Have any of you seen it?

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    1. No, but I'd read about it, Hank, and will now move to the top of my viewing list. I don't remember who's streaming it.

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    2. No, but it sounds good. Where can one watch it, Hank?

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    3. Hank, I can get streaming video on my computer. Wonky TV so I have not watched tv in a while.

      Diana

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    4. Oh, Hank, that is the best show! Can't wait for season two.

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    5. I think it’s on Netflix . SO eager to hear what you think!

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    6. Martha, you are farther ahead than I am—but so glad to hear you love it! Xx

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  16. My dyslexic sister is about to turn 75. When she was a child in a small-town school system there was no support or understanding. She tells me that once a teacher was handing back standardized test results and as she threw my sister's onto her desk she said " And we have ONE student with the IQ of a monkey. "

    Happily, she now reads for pleasure and often remarks how surprised and pleased our mom would be if she could see her now.

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    1. Omigod, what a cruel thing to say about a child, especially in front of others.

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    2. Susan, that was a cruel thing to do to a child. Just as bad as picking a child as the favorite because the child did very well on tests. So glad that your sister managed to thrive in despite of that deplorable dretin of a teachyrr.

      Diana

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    3. It is unbelievable how cruel some people can be.

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  17. I am an undiagnosed dyslexic child from the sixties. I was just "slow". Oral reading was, and is, my biggest struggle. I lose words while reading and writing. Dyslexic font may have helped and that video was interesting. I found myself trying to read the text during the example changes and realized this is what I've always done, just keep trying until the reading was done. The other problem I've always had was spelling. I often knew the word was incorrect but struggled to produce the correct spelling. Thanks, Jenn, for getting the font changed in your up coming book. I wonder if your publisher will continue using the dyslexic friendly don't for your future books since you have pointed out the differences?

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    1. I read an interview with Keira Knightley (actress) and she talked about how people laugh at her texts because her spelling was so bad. She was good humored about it but I imagine that was a hard won acceptance.

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  18. Jenn, I would be absolutely thrilled to be a better reader! I'm not up to date on all the latest research, but I know from experience how being neuro atypical manifests in weird ways. I could not, for instance, do word problems in math. My brain simply could not process the concept. I'm sure there are better ways of teaching this now.

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    1. Debs, I had no idea! The language in your books is spectacular! Irwin always comments on it and loves your "Britishisms!" Obviously you have an ear for language in spite of your reading difficulties. Do you ever think, "If they could see me now!?"

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  19. As a teacher I sometimes had dyslexic students, and found out that for some of them, overlaying the page with a colored plastic sheet solved the problem. I don't know why, but it works. For some, it was a green colored plastic, for others, blue, or red. I hadn't heard about different fonts, but certainly everything you can think of should be tried. I can't imagine how frustrating it must be to not be able to read. Almost all of your other learning depends on being able to read.

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    1. I am really curious now about what the coping strategies are. How do teachers (now) help people with dyslexia learn to read fluently? Anybody? Jenn, did you read about that in your research?

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    2. Besides overlaying a colored sheet, that is.

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    3. There are some neurological training exercises too. A lot of times it is an eye/brain problem. Often the brain processes the visual image incorrectly or not at all.

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    4. Dyslexia isn't just one issue. Individuals process information differently. We all do, even so-called normal learners. A trained teacher assesses the best way each student learns, their individual strengths, and then develops a plan that fits each student. Most people can learn to read, even if it is difficult. Patience, encouragement, kindness.

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    5. Liane, thank you for sharing. And everyone who commented in response to Liane's comment - thank you!

      Diana

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    6. I have heard about the colored sheets helping. I didn't do much teacher-student research, Edith, because my character is an adult.

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  20. I don't believe I had dyslexia as a child, at least how I understand it. But with my old eyesight I do have a lot of maybe similar problems. I am often reading words wrong, which is annoying. Don't get me started about things in written italics or those printed with a very thin font. But text on a colored background is the most difficult for me. I much prefer black on white. My eye doctor told me that is a common problem with aging eyes.

    So, hooray, Jenn! I can't wait to read your book and I am looking forward to reading without problems. Thank you!

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    1. My husband sets his computer screen and his phone as black background with white text. I cannot read it!

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    2. I wouldn't be able to either! Why did he do that?

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    3. Judi - we took out the italics and made them bold instead :)

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  21. One of my son's friends is dyslexic. We're close to his family to the point they are family! In high school and college the school had someone sit with him during tests to read the questions to him. He also was given extra time to answer questions. I learned a lot about PTSD reading Jessica Scott's series about young veterans trying to re-enter civilian life and going to college. It definitely shed some light on some of my son's "quirks" and behavior when he got out of the army after Iraq.

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    1. I love it when fiction helps us navigate real life.

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  22. Never heard of dyslexia fonts! Thank you, Jenn, since I'm dipping my toes in self-publishing, it will be a plus to be able to add reader friendly fonts. Deb, I am in awe of you. I can't imagine how you must have struggled!

    I don't think I have dyslexia, but I often see numbers reversed, but never letters. If I'm writing something on a whiteboard or poster, there's a 50:50 chance the S and/or E will be backwards. That only happens if I'm writing standing up.

    I find I'm much more aware of non-inclusive language in my reading and writing. I wish there was a then/now reference. For example, we are having lovely weather here in Maine, something I would have referred to as Indian summer in the past - now I don't know what to call it, but Indian summer seems...offensive.

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    1. Kait, I've seen it referred to as Second summer, which I like.

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    2. That's a good catch, Kait. Oh, I love that, Julia!

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    3. Reading comments late, but yes, Julia, Second Summer is fabulous - adopted. Thank you!

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  23. I wanted to answer Lucy's question about how my brother's dyslexia was spotted. He was having trouble with his letters and with recognizing patterns. His teacher had just graduated with her Ed degree from SUNY Plattsburgh that spring, and she had been exposed to the concept, and how to test for it, there. It was so novel my mother, who not only taught at the same school but who was also getting a masters in Ed, hadn't heard of it. This was 1974, and that smart young woman saved Patrick from years of grief at school.

    Accommodation was still difficult in the 70s and early 80s, but Mom let Pat's teachers know what was going on, which helped a great deal. My parents also sent him to a small private school for junior high/high school, and in he did get some accommodations in that environment. He did everything on a typewriter, and my folks got him a computer WAY before most people had one.

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    1. Julia, so glad that your brother had a wonderful teacher who spotted the dyslexia in 1974. So much was unknown back then. I think we started to learn about the dyslexia in the 1980s when I was in school with the after school special TV show with River Phoenix. Now we know so much more and still are learning more about dyslexia and other things! And lucky for Pat that your Mom let his teachers know what was going on!

      Diana

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    2. He got really lucky. So many students even today don't get the assistance they need.

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  24. Just thought I'd mention that OpenDyslexic is one of the font choices on a Kindle, so anyone who has one can give it a try. Go to the "Aa" menu in any book and select it from the Font Family screen.

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  25. Wow! So many comments about teachers who did not understand dyslexia or were awful to the dyslexic students.

    These types of teachers remind me of a few speech teachers that I had who DID NOT KNOW how to teach speech. I was considered "unteachable" because that particular speech teacher just handed me a book with a recording and told me that I had to listen to the book on tape and read along! Never explained to me about listening for pause between words or beats or high/low notes.

    On another note, I was blessed to have a WONDERFUL speech teacher from Boston who knew how to work with a young profoundly deaf child who just lost her hearing (me) a few months before.

    Diana

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    1. I'm so glad you had a wonderful speech teacher - it makes such a difference.

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  26. Every single thing about this blog, including the comments, has taught me something. Thank you! There is a random dyslexic thread in at least 3 generations of my family - my brother, a semi-famous history prof, was a terrible student until college and couldn't spell. My daughter was id'd as "gifted" got all the way through a demanding science high school program with good grades - without anyone guessing she could barely read. We guessed something was wrong, but even "experts" shrugged it off. Then she hit college chemistry, where she couldn't get it all by listening. And then she admitted she hadn't read textbooks in years. I'd like to think schools do it better now.

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    1. That's essentially what the character in my book did - the coping skills dyslexics naturally develop are incredible.

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  27. Agree about Debs! And I'll be sharing those friendly fonts with my Wicked Authors blogmates.

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  28. Jenn, I had to leave to go to a doctor appointment before I finished my comments. I want to add how great I think it is that you wanted your book in dyslexic friendly text. I looked up the ten most dyslexic friendly fonts from your link, and Helvetica, which I use on my blog, was tenth. That was good news, but it looks like I could do better. I'll play around with the different better fonts.

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  29. A very helpful blog for me since I'm developing a dyslexic character for my next book, loosely based on a student artist I knew, and I too had just learned about the fonts. I'm looking forward to Jenn's book! Also, I learned a good deal about the challenges of homing the homeless in researching my upcoming book.

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    1. And I look forward to reading your book as well.

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  30. Thank you, Jenn, for bring dyslexia to the fore. Thanks to an amazing nun who was my first grade teacher my dyslexia was diagnosed early and never really affected my reading. I have found I don’t get as much eye strain reading on my kindle using the open dyslexic font. There are early letters where I wrote mirror imaged and I’ll still turn letters around if I’m extremely tired. The thing that is hardest for me is telling right from left. Everyone says just hold out your thumb & forefinger and it makes an L…. if you turn letters around, you can’t tell which is which! My mother in a brilliant moment put a ring on my right hand and told me R is for ring, R is for right. I still feel for a ring when someone is giving me directions….

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  31. Ah, if I'd only known then . . . so many worksheets and tests typed in Times New Roman. I did give students the option to give "Scantron" questions alternative short answer or essay responses if they didn't like the options. Few did, but I gave credit for their efforts.
    Our Special Ed. teachers gave our students such good strategies that many reported back that they had better results in college than students who'd skated through high school.

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    1. Oh, that's interesting. Learning to meet the challenge is certainly a lifelong skill.

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  32. It took writing this book for me to get up to speed - never occurred to me before to look it up. Oy.

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  33. I did know about dyslexi-friendly fonts and it is too bad Comic Sans is one of them. Oh well.

    Back in the days when I thought I'd be a teacher, I had a student I swore was dyslexic during one of my student teaching rotations. He had some classic signs - bad penmanship, poor retention of reading but excellent when read to, etc. My supervising teacher said he'd been tested, "but hadn't scored badly enough to rate additional help." I was so mad. I told him, "I'll be here every morning at 7:30. If you want help, come see me." He did and he raised his grade from a C- (almost a D) to a B+ by the time I left. I always wonder what happened to him.

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